Subtle Signs of Atrial Fibrillation in Women

Atrial Fibrillation, or AFib, is one of the most common types of arrhythmia (improper beating of the heart), affecting millions of people worldwide. Even more alarming, AFib is underdiagnosed in women, possibly due to the perception that it is primarily a male condition. In some instances, women may present with atypical symptoms, which can complicate diagnosis. Recent studies also indicate that cases of AFib are on the rise.

Learn more about this condition, its warning signs, and treatment options from Memorial cardiologists Dr. Shwan Jalal and Dr. Umair Malik.

Risk Factors in Women

Women tend to have a lower incidence of AFib but are at a higher risk for stroke and heart failure when they do develop the condition. Additionally, women may experience different patterns of heart rhythm irregularity which may lead to more pronounced symptoms or complications.

Women may face unique risk factors for AFib, such as hormonal changes associated with menopause, pregnancy, and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Other factors include higher rates of hypertension in postmenopausal women.

Symptoms

While both men and women may experience typical symptoms (such as palpitations, fatigue, or shortness of breath), women may also report atypical symptoms, including anxiety or fatigue without clear triggers. There may also be a tendency for women to develop more persistent or progressive forms of AFib. Subtle symptoms that may be overlooked include:

• Mild fatigue
• Slight shortness of breath during activities that were previously manageable
• Occasional lightheadedness

AFib and Stroke Risk

AFib significantly increases the risk of stroke due to the potential for blood clots to form in the heart’s top left chamber. Patients should be aware of risk factors and preventive measures, including the potential use of anticoagulants (blood thinners) or the WATCHMAN procedure, lifestyle modifications, and regular check-ups to manage associated risk factors. Treatment plans can differ for women based on their specific health concerns, response to medications, and the presence of comorbidities.

Lifestyle Changes and Prevention

Lifestyle changes can be crucial in managing and preventing AFib. Key recommendations include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Reducing alcohol and caffeine consumption
• Managing stress
• Following a heart-healthy diet (like the Mediterranean diet)

Women at risk of AFib, even if asymptomatic, should prioritize regular cardiovascular evaluations. Take control of your health – ask about risk factors and discuss screening for AFib with your healthcare providers during your next visit.

Read about how one patient’s quality of life changed after having the WATCHMAN procedure – click the button below!